Water supply and sewerage in the country: what these systems consist of and how to install them

The lack of running water in the country causes many problems. Without it, it will be quite difficult to water the garden, wash the dishes or take a shower. Therefore, the water supply system in the country house must be present. And to build a water supply system in the country with your own hands from a well or from a well is not an insoluble task. Of course, it will be more difficult to implement the second option, but its implementation is possible only for a real home master.

Water Line Components

The water main in the country house consists of internal and external parts. The first is represented by water intake components, pipes and connecting elements. The outer part performs the function of transporting water from the source to the house through pipes. The simplest water supply system includes such components:

• pump;
• pipeline;
• Filters
• water source.

A more functional system also includes a battery that protects the pump from possible overloads and controls fluid flow, automation that controls the process, and shutoff valves. When installing a country water supply system, it is necessary to ensure the easy accessibility of its components for maintenance and inspection. The internal wiring device depends only on the desire and capabilities of the owner and, unlike the outside, is not tied to a source of life-giving moisture.

The choice of water supply

There are several options.

1. Centralized water supply. This option is the easiest. But only if there is sufficient pressure in the pipeline to supply water. Otherwise, a pump cannot be dispensed with. However, you can consider other options for providing cottages with water.

In this case, you will need pipes and fittings. And in order to lay water in this way in the country, you do not need to have special skills. The order of work is as follows:

• digging trenches;
• pipe laying;
• connection to the central water supply line.

2. The mine well. To organize a water supply in the country from the well is simple. For this, it is necessary, first of all, to dig a mine. In order to reduce time and physical costs, you can attract a couple of assistants. The main condition is that the water should lie at a depth of not less than ten meters. The advantages of this solution is the possibility of self-repair and maintenance of this type of structure. To keep the well clean, special efforts and material costs are not required.

Of the minuses, it is worth highlighting limited water consumption. Not every well is capable of providing a sufficient amount of water to a family of 4 people. It is possible that before you start using it, you will have to deepen it.

Advice! So that the work does not turn out to be in vain, it is necessary to calculate how much water the well can produce and compare the obtained value with how much it is needed.

To create such a variant of the water supply system in the country, you can use a surface pump. It is easier to maintain and cheaper than deep.

3. The source of water is a well. Drilling a well for a water supply in a country house is preferable where groundwater runs below 10 meters. This will require considerable cash costs, since drilling is expensive. But the family will be provided with clean water. And since the maintenance of such a design is not cheap, it is practiced to equip the well with 2-3 neighboring houses. The cost estimate is increased by the need to use an expensive submersible or well pump. But still this option of providing water is the best.

Summer water supply in the country - the simplest design

Having made the decision to create a summer water supply system in the country, the owner must understand that it will be possible to use it only during the warm season. The design of such a water supply system is stationary and collapsible. Summer summer water supply from the well of the last type is simple: in summer, hoses are connected to the pump and laid on the ground. But so as not to interfere with the free movement of the plot. Due to the simplicity of the idea, you can build a collapsible watering system in the country with your own hands very quickly.

When creating a summer water supply in the country from the well, silicone or rubber hoses are allowed. Their connection is carried out with steel or plastic adapters. Today on the market you can buy special latches. On one side they have a "ruff", and on the other a spring-loaded connector. With this connection, all the components of the water supply for irrigation in the country are attached reliably and easily. Before the arrival of winter, the pump and hoses are folded and stored in the room.

The construction of a stationary water supply system in the country is carried out underground. Hoses for these purposes will no longer fit - the use of plastic pipes is recommended. They are laid to a depth of 1 meter. So that the water remaining in the garden water supply in the garden does not freeze in winter, at the end of the summer season, it must be completely pumped out of the pipeline. Therefore, the plastic water supply in the country is laid at a slope to the drain valve. And the valve itself should be located close to the source of water supply. When these requirements are met, the construction of a self-made country water supply system made of plastic pipes can calmly winter.

Winter water supply in the country - device features

When arranging a winter home and garden water supply it is impossible to rush. This case requires a serious approach. In this case, the choice is limited to two pipe options: polyethylene and polypropylene. The second ones are more expensive and a special soldering iron is needed to dock them. The first ones are cheaper and you can do without a soldering iron when installing them.

On a note! However, the cost of components for polypropylene pipe products is lower than for polyethylene.

The winter highway made of plastic pipes is designed to provide housing throughout the year. But here you need a water supply scheme in the country. With your own hands, creating a water supply system for a country house without it will not work.

The pipeline is laid at a depth of 20 centimeters below the level of soil freezing. Only then, the phenomena caused by winter frosts will not damage it. However, there is an option that allows the laying of a water supply branch at a depth of only 30 centimeters with any water supply scheme.It is implemented by warming engineering communications with foamed cylindrical polyethylene. This material is simply put on the pipe and protects the pipeline not only from freezing, but also from mechanical influences from the outside.

Creating a water supply system in the country from a well, it is necessary to insulate both the main itself and the source of life-giving moisture. In order to prevent freezing of water in the well, it is insulated for the winter and thrown with snow. It is an excellent protection against frost. When using a surface pump, a sump should be equipped for it near the water source. Scientifically, such a recess in which the pump is installed is called a "caisson".

Automatic pumping stations must be installed in a room in which, even in severe frosts, the temperature does not fall below zero. Water supply and sewerage are subject to insulation. Otherwise, the frozen waste of human activity will disable the entire drainage system.

Development of a water supply scheme in the country. Create a preliminary drawing

First of all, you should decide on the equipment. In other words, specify where the points of intake will be in the house, which pipes will be used and how many fittings will be required. When creating a water supply in a country house, it is preferable to opt for plastic pipes. They are more durable and reliable. In addition, due to the fact that plastic pipe products are not subject to corrosion, they are allowed to be sewn into the walls.

Then, a detailed drawing of the future country water supply system from the well or from the well is created. All dimensions must be indicated on the drawing. This will determine the number of necessary components and footage. The last moment is very important. Indeed, in this case we are not talking about arranging a summer water supply system at the cottage with our own hands, which will be used to irrigate the adjacent garden plot. There, the drawback, like the excess footage, is really uncritical, since the extension / reduction of the length of the pipeline is quite simple. But the configuration and geometric dimensions of the engineering system located indoors should ideally correspond to its dimensions.

On a note! The recommendation on the purchase of materials with a margin is relevant in this case, since their technological overrun is not ruled out.

For an uninterrupted supply of water to the house, you can buy a ready-made pump station or choose equipment yourself.

How to make a water supply. Work order

Having prepared all the components, it is possible to install the water supply system of the country house. First, a trench is digging from the source to the place where the pipeline enters the house. The downhole pump is lowered into the well shaft or into the wellbore. The surface type unit is installed in a heated room or in a caisson near a water source. A pipe is connected to the pump, and its second end is attached to the five-pin fitting. The battery, pressure gauge and pressure switch are attached to the other terminals of this device.

The hydraulic accumulator serves to maintain the pressure in the system at a given level, and its volume can reach 500 liters. Among other things, such a supply of water will be very useful in case of emergency.

Having connected all these mechanisms, attach the pipe to the fifth remaining output of the fitting and lead the highway directly into the house along the bottom of the trench. Route the armored cable there too. With it, you can connect the pump and battery to the mains. And do not forget to ground the outlet through which the supply voltage to the mechanisms will be supplied.

Put a stopcock in front of the pipe entry into the house.In case of repair, twisting it, you turn off the water supply to the house.

Proceed with the internal wiring device after checking the operation of the external pipeline and filling the trench. Whatever the source - a well or a well - it is advisable to install a cleaning system. The composition of water can affect the number of filters used: it is possible that you may need not one, but several. The performance of the cleaning system is the derivative of the composition and amount of water transported through the pipeline. The wiring in the house is carried out taking into account ease of use.

Sewerage in the country

Water supply and sewerage in a private house are inseparable concepts. After all, the water used and the products of human life should be removed outside the building. However, there are nuances depending on the needs of the owners of the cottage. Consider them.

1. Using the house for infrequent visits during the season (once or twice a week). In this case, there is no need to equip an expensive local sewage system. It will be quite enough to use the restroom, and biological preparations can be used to clean it, of which a great many can be found on sale today. Water from the washbasin can drain into a drain pit, functioning in accordance with the principle of the drainage well.
2. Long stay in the country. Here the opinion of experts is the same - it is an autonomous sewage system.

On a note! Its cost depends largely on the volume of the tank in which effluents are accumulated and cleaned. The choice of a specific sample is carried out on the basis of information on the number of people permanently living in the country.

The volume of the tank should be no less than 3 times the daily volume of wastewater. A competent approach to the calculation will significantly reduce the cost of the sewage disposal system in a country house.

Sewerage system calculation

First of all, the volume is determined, as well as the location of the septic tank.

A person consumes an average of 200 liters of water during the day. Accordingly, the drains will be the same volume. If we take a three-time supply, then for a family of two people a capacity of at least 1.2 m3 is required. If there is enough money, it is recommended to increase this value a little, because the reception of friends and guests is most likely also included in your plans.

The installation site of the septic tank is regulated (and very strictly) by sanitary rules. Its distance from the border of the site should be at least 4 meters. And to place a septic tank at a distance from residential premises of less than 5 meters is generally prohibited. Also, it is not allowed to install nearby drinking water intake points.

When choosing a place for a septic tank, it should also be borne in mind that the laying of water pipes and sewers in the country in one trench is prohibited. The following requirement follows from this: similar engineering communications should be created according to a common project.

When installing the sewer system, it is necessary to avoid turning the pipeline; it should be laid as straight as possible to the septic tank. In case of emergency, the arrangement of rotary sewer wells is allowed. A standard slope of 2 cm per 1 meter (2%) determines the depth of the septic tank. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the depth of the laying of pipes of the sewage disposal system. They should not be buried higher than 0.3 meters above the level of freezing.

Sewerage system installation

Sewerage installation is preceded by the marking of the site. As a result of this procedure, the following are determined:

• septic tank installation site;
• water supply and sewage branches.

In addition to controlling possible errors in the design, this will allow you to visually see the real configuration of the system.

It is recommended to start installation from the place where the sewage pipeline exits the house, that is, from the upper points. Digging a trench under the pipes, taking into account the approximate slope. The bottom of the ditch is covered with a layer of sand, which will serve as the base for the sewer line. The pipe bell when laying should be directed towards the movement of effluents. This eliminates the penetration of sewage into the ground through low-quality joints. To speed up and simplify the execution of work, it is better to equip sewer wells from special rings.

Helpful information! There is an opportunity to save. This is due to the fact that the water supply and sewerage systems of the dacha allow the use of the same standard wells. Therefore, by purchasing several sets, you can reduce costs.

Install a plastic septic tank with some precautions. With a low weight, this design can be pushed out when the soil is heaving to the surface or just float up. To eliminate such problems, the septic tank is installed on a concrete slab with its subsequent additional fastening. Most often, steel ropes are used as a bandage.

Having connected the sewerage elements, check its operability. To do this, carry out a control drain of water. The appearance of leaks on any of the compounds during the test is not allowed. If there are none, backfilling of the foundation pit of the septic tank and trenches is performed and, if necessary, heat-insulating materials are laid.

As you can see, simple autonomous sewer systems may well be created independently. Therefore, their installation is advisable in summer cottages, regular maintenance of which with special equipment is very difficult.